Steam-superheater for locomotive, marine, and other boilers.



E. S. LUARD. STEAM SUPERHEATER FOR LOCOMOTIVB, MARINE, AND OTHER BOILERS.

' APPLICATION FILED JAILII, 1912. 1,077,617.

m1. n o o w QQQQQAWQQQ h I Q h 7 mm 0 m MG 0 *9 P Imfenfiw mot 6 1 a Witfies ses 21 Q Smut M;Q

B. S. LUARD. STEAM SUPERHEATBR FOR LOGOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER BOILERS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1912.

Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 a m F alwomak (S fli g M g- E. S. LUARD.

STEAM SUPERHEATER FOR LOGOMOTIVB, MARINE, AND OTHER BOILERS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.11,1912.

1,077,617, Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

miss es ifczjmzi a) EDWARD SYDNEY LUARD, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

STEAM-SUPERHEATER FOB. LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE ANI) OTHER BOILERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nuv. 4, 1 913.

Application filed January 11, 1912. Serial No. 676.588.

Be it knmvn that I. EDWARD SYDNEY EA'AHD. a subject of the King of Grmt Brih fill! and Ireland, residing at London. in the w-xiizvy 0i? Liindon, England, (Whoseposh Qlliw i='l1(9. i9 Sponrm- Hmisv, Smith P'lillkl. L.i=)ii4 ii. in the: :Mllif; m lmndmi. linglid haw inwmcd (vi-min mm and lbw "in? l5!;ZHOYQHHHZH in 0:12:15upei-hmtoib i 'mwwnmiivv, Marine, and ether Boil rs; .kEiii i ll iii-rein, dun'hiru tho following to hp :1 Mil. \"lmii. and exact dwwipiihn if tin, nvmiiiim. such as will ennblv nihers :ahilivd in tin :ii'! to \vhivh it appertainr; in make and Uri the same.

Thia invention hm for iis object improve manta in steam superhehiers of the nmitihi huhu' type and of the kind wherein series I i i i v i i i i l i i i l i i \vnlh'm ll in pun ide unimproved form or construction. nit" header hereby the above n'imitioncd nhjeciimig m disadvantages are vliminalml. and n more vffirwnt superheaicr alw ulmiinvd.

At'cnrtiing to flu pi'vseill iiiveni'ion the heavier. 'ivlaivh prvl'cvahiy consists of a steel casting, formed with a series of chambers 01- (yhlpili'ifm'lliarranged side by side and m "("t ii iii! (if \iiifii shamhcis (:111 he readily Uiiiillii'ld by rvmoving; a vm'ci' with viihh ihv lmuh-r ix PIOVhiWL Fillilllil' lllv r lvsun iiih'l and ouilei ends 01" tfiM'il superhonier element 01 pipe are insvried in 01' dir vilv rmmvried to {he bottom of l'lmlmuleif. \vhivh forms :1 who plate. and scoured in the said iU HL plane in propvr swam tight inannur hi vxpmiding the said pipe ends nto i'hv said tube pinto or hollum of the header \vhirh ii pruvided with u numiicr of holes; mil-responding (0 the number of pipe ends to l(' F-PPlHPd in the lwader. The ahnve meni'innvd pipe end; may he Px'pandcd inio [he hoi'imn ofthe header by means of a snitzihle tube expanding tool or mandrel which may he iliiYOiliKid through holes provided in heinp of the header. suitable SCI'PWOCI pings lasing also provided for (filming the said hnles. Or the said pipe ends might, be expanded into the lmadvr hv in erting' ihe inhi? expanding tool or mandrel through ilfli front opfi-n ends 0r Rides ofiihe swam mmpartmfints in the header.

The ends of the SUPCIlHBILtQL' pipes, \vliPn it, is desired to remove one or more of the Said, pips-s. can he. conveniently and rapidly driven out '01 the bottom of ihe header b v llltilll'lb of :1 suitable i001 inseried through the 0pm front, vnd; or Fidffi of H10 aforesaid rstvznn compartments 0r chambers, the ahs'ivv mentioned removable cover being [01 thi purpose removed from the header.

Thv hmuhar wording to ihis invention is imiiwv 0 mmtruvwl that the superheated steam mmpm'in'ivnts 211w mmnected togeiher h short iIfiHHCClFC pipes orvfubes, which 1m zilz--1n he expanded into ihe header, these fsi 'lii pipi's hving so planed as l0 be acted hpun by ihrhealed gases coming from the Sififilfl v-v fiH inlics info ihe hmflhc box. I

Tha header m'irnrding in this invvnfiou hm her-ii principally designed to he placed, plvifilzliiglfi tramsvensul v in the upper part (if ihe smoke box f a locomotive 01' like 1111, lube boiler, preferably abnv the center lines 01 tho uppermost fire or smoke tubes so that the saturated steam inlet ends and the arrangement of these holes With the pipe the superheated steam outlet ends of each superheating element or pipe are bent from the smoke or fire tubes, into which they extend, to the header. This particular location of the. header is not however essential to the main features of the invrutioi asthe header might be otherwise located in the smoke box without detracting from the advantages obtained by this invention.

Further features of the invention will appear from the followingdescription with reference to the acconuuauyiug drawing, in which,--

Figure 1 is a front view, partly in section and partly in elevation, ol a superheater according to this invention titted to a locomotive boiler. is a vertical transverse Section. taken on the line B Fla. 1, of a header according to this invention. this figure also showing some of the Sttil'JQl'lltflllQl pipes connected to the header and a portion of the smoke box of the boiler. Fig. 3 is a plan view, partly in section, of a header according to this invention, and shows the way in which the saturated and superheated steam ends of the superheater pipes are arranged in connection with the steam compartments of the header.

Like reference numbers indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawin 1 represents a portion of the smoke box of a locomotive boiler and 2 a portion of the smoke box tube plate, 3 being smoke or fire tubes of ordinary size.

4 are enlarged smoke or fire tubes which are, as usual, arranged in horizontal and vertical rows in the upper portion of the boiler.

5 are the superheater elements or steam superheating pipes each of which, usual, extends into a. smoke tube 4 each of these pipes 5 preferably, as usual. comprising four horizontally disposed lengths of pipe extending into each smoke tube 4 and provided with suitable return bends or connections at their ends. The ends of the superheater pipes 5 which project into the smoke box are, in the example shown. bent upwardly to the header (5.

5 and 5 indicate respectively, the satu rated steam inlet end and the sinierheated steam outlet end of each superheater pipe or element 5. As clearly shown in Fig. ,2 the parts of the ends 5*, of the superheater pipes adjacent to the harder (i are bent so as to be at right angles or substantially right angles to the bottom of the l t 4 l ends therein being clearly shown in Fig. 3.

The header 6, which preferably consists of a steel casting, is formed as shown with saturated steam compartments or chambers t, 7* and T and with superheated steam compartments or chambers 8, 8, 8 and 8,

header, the bottom or tube plate (1 of the header being: provided with number of i I holes through it correspondin" to the noun 1 ,L 0r} ber of pipe ends a .r \Ylilfiil are inserted and expanded in the said holes b means of a suitable tube expanding tool r mandrel,

these -several compartments or chambers being arranged side by side and transversely of the header so that the saturated and supcrleated steam compartments alternate in the header. The two end or outer sattr rated steam crunpartnmnts 7 and 7* ot the header are, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, formed in the upper part of the header and at a higher level than the remaining steam t-(nnpartmeuts or chambers of the header, these conipartments 7 and T being connected to the central saturatul stop conr partnlcnt T and also to each other by means oi? a passage or channel, or passages or channels. J formed in the upper part of the header and extending; acr the tops of the superheated steam compartments 5 and 8.

The superheated steam compartments 8 and S and the superheated steam compartments S and are connected by short trans verse pipes or tubes 10, 1O whose ends are expanded {by a suitable tube expanding tool or mandrel which may be inserted through the open fronts of the said compartments) into the adjacent side walls of the said compartments.

"In the top of the header (3 there are provided a number of holes which are opposite to or in \ertical alinement with the hereinbet-ore mentioned holes in the bottom or tube plate (3- of the header. so that the tube ex painting mandrel can be introduced into the header thrtmgh the said top holes. 11, ll are i-rrewcd plugs of suitable metal, which are provided for closing the said holes in the top of the header such holes being provided with wrrcsponding screw threads. It will be Sttll that the plugs l1. are duplex or (jllltll'ttj lllltl plugs, that is to say, these plugs are provided with screw threads at each end. the inner or lower threaded ends of these plugs closing holes in the top of the superheated steam compartments 8, S through which the mandrel can be introduced so as to operate upon the superheater pipe ends in connection with the said super heated steam iroiupartmeuts 8, 8". The threaded parts of the plugs 11. 11, which enin the corre iondinsrly threaded holes in the top or the header are preferabb tapered the said holes being correspondingly tapered.

12 ind cates an inwardly projecting flange or plate formed at the outer open end of each of the steam compartments or chain oi-rs of the header. and 13 are screwed studs fitted in the said llannei. or plates.

14 is the removable cover of the header which when placed on the front of the header closes the open front ends of all the steam compartments or chambers in the header with the exception of the end superheated steam compartments 8" to which latter compartments are connected the usual main steam pipes to the cylinder valve chests of the engine.

are the flanges or connecting plates of the main steam pipes 16 and by which the said pipes are connected to the end superheated steam compartments 8, 8 for instance by means of bolts 17. a

1 3" are nuts which, when tightened up on the outer ends of the screwed studs 13,

wti'lll't'? the cover 14 on the header, the said r'm'cl' being provided with holes com: pondinn in number and. arrangement to the number of screwed studs 13 which when the voter is placed in position project through the holes in the cover. The faces of the above mentioned inwardly projecting flanges or lates 12 on the front of the header and the inner race of the cover 14 are machined or i'aced true so that when thecover 14 is placed in po ition and secured on the header an effective steam tight, joint is made.

On the tear or inner side of the header,

e the side adjacent to the tube plate 2,

there is formed a central tubular part or boss 18 having a flange 18 adapted to receive suitable holls or the like for securing the header to the smoke box tube plate 2 with the bore or passage 18 through the part in alim'nncnt with the end of the saturated stean'i pipe 19 through which :-.!eam passes from the steam dome or source oi suppl to the superhcater header 6.

ll", Fig l, sci-caved plugs, similar to the plugs ll, which may be inserted in corrcspondingly screwed holes in the end Walls of the header and in alinement with the outer ends of the small cross tubes or pipes .10 {respectively 10*), through which holes a lube cxpandii'ig mandrel may be introduccrl for the purpose of expanding the outer rude oi the said cross tubes in the hinder.

The opcni L; at the front side of the header ilu' ill. oi large size, so that when the ort-r plaice ii and 1. are removed ample -pa 1- allorded for the tools ncchssary to operate the iua n'lrels, inserted tl'irougl the plug lining to connect or di connect the miliuil'litfll tk' elements or tubes from the boo win of the header, and also for reuniting :If-lilQ or (){lstlf mineral deposit from the ariou: con'nmrtnic: The wmpartmcnts for drum and the ion tudinai passages for sai- In are] sic-inn are termed by transverse parlhm tiartitions 100 the nl with the main porof combustion have free access to the longitu'dinal connecting tubes 10. The large openings of the compartments at the front vside of the header also enable the. headers to he formed of cast metal and to be very sound and free from cold-shots and blowholes.

With the superheater in action saturated steam enters the central saturated steam compartment 7 of the header through the passage 18 in the header, and also enters the saturated vsteam" compartments 7 and! through the connecting channels or pas l) in the header. The saturated steam then passes through each of the supcrheater pipe ends 5 into and circulates through the horizontal portions of each superhcater element or pipe 3, the highly superheated steam loaning the said elements and passing into the superheated steam compartments 8, S and S, 8 of the header through the superheated steam outlet ends 5' of the superhcater pipes or elements, the superheated steam passing out of the header through the end compartments 8, 8 into the main steam pipes to the valve chests of the engine.

Owing to the provision of the hcreinbefore mentioned short cross tubes or pipes 16 10 any reduction in temperature of the au'perheated steam in the uperheated steam compartments of the header,-due to the walls of said compartments being contiguous to or forming also the Walls of the saturated steam compartments,---is compensated or more than compensated by the hot gases issuing from the smoke or fire tubes of the holler acting upon the said small cross pipes, thus rendering the snperheater highly etlicicnt,

The design of the header with the cross tubes l 10 is such that the depth or height of the header can be increased with a. possible or desired increalee in the size of the smoke box and consequently an increased number of: the cross tubes 10. 10 can be employed giving a ('til'lSltltlabl V increased area [or the hot gases to act upon thus obtaining and maintaining a high degree of superhcating of the strain.

The highly cllicient. steam tight joints made by expanding the ends of the superlicaicr pipes into the bottom or tube plate of tin: amount of attention and repair necessary tor maintaining steam tight joints, and the t llrt lllcllt absence of leakage at; these joints a let) rende the super-heater highly eflicient.

l lh provision of the removable cover 14 on 'ln: header provides for easy access to the areal-n compartments of the header. and

not. only enables the interior of the header pockets .lOl (infill are f snr'ilic hex on their to be readily nispectcd. but also enables the suprrlumter pipe ends to be easily and ljtlulil secured in the header in an ellicicnt compartments 8 and 8.

steam tight manner, and also enables the said pipes to be easily and quickly withdrawn from the header whenever it becomes necessary to do so.

By disconnecting the steam pipe flanges 15 and steam pipes 16 from the header, access is obtained to the end superheated steam The usual damper box with damper (which may be of. the louver plate or other suitable kind) may be mounted in the smoke boX,-in the usual or any convenient manner, so as to inclose the bent ends in, 5 of the superheater elements or pipes 5, and such damper may be arranged to be open ated in the jusual or in any suitable manner. The hereinbefore mentioned holes in the top of the header may also serve for securing to the top of and inside the header a suit able block or abutment piece for the tool, employed for forcing out the superhcater pipe ends, to act against, and such block can be held in position by a bolt or the like adapted to 1: through the aforesaid holes and can be secured by a nut on the outside of the header,

If desired instead of expanding the ends of the super-heater elements or pipes in the bottom of the header, they might, if desired, be secured in a steam tight manner in the bottom 6 of the header by means of suitable nuts screwed on to the tubes both exter nally and internally of the header, but the preferred method of se uring these pipe ends is by expanding them in the header as hereinbefore described.

Vl'hat Il tzlaim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 2 1. In a supcrheater, the combination, with superheater elements, of a header provided with integrally-formed transverse partitions which divide it into a. series of compartments and longitudinal passages connect i11 certain of the alternate compartments and extending across the intervening compartmcnts, said series comprising a plu rality of compartments for saturated steam and a plurality oi compartments for superheated steam, said compartments being arranged side by side and alternately and having the said snpcrhcater elements connected to their lower parts, each steam com partmeut having a large opening in its front side to afford free access to its interior, and removable covering means for closing the large opcnin s so that the compartments are normally steanrtight.

:2. In a. superheater, the combination, *ith superheater elements, of a header provided with integrally-formed transverse partitions which divide it into a series of steam compartments and hot-air pockets, said series comprising a plurality of compartments for saturated steam and a plurality of compartments for superheated steam, said steam i compartments bein arranged side by side and alternately ant having the said superheater elements connected to their lower parts, and each 0% the said hot-air pockets being formed between two of the compartments for superheated steam and being open at its front and lower sides, each steam compartment having a large opening in its front side to a ll'ord free access to its interior,

removable covering means for closing thelarge openings of the steam compartments so that they are normally st im-tight, and steam connecting pipes extending across the said hot-air pockets between the adjacent chambers for superheated steam.

3. In a superhealer, the combination, with supcrheater elements, oi a header provided with in'regrallyiormed transverse partitions which divide. it into a. series of steam compartments, hot-air pocxets, and longitudinal passages connecting certain of the alternate steam compartments and extending a hove and across the intervening steam conipartnn-nts, aid 1 ries comprising a plurality of conipartmcnts for saturated steam and a of wnipartments for superheated id steam compartments being ar- (7 dc by ide and alternately and hav ing the super; elements connected to their lower parts, and each of the said hotair pockets being formed between two of the compartments for superheated steam and being open at its front. and lower sides, each steam compartment having a large opening in front side to afford free access to its interior, removable covering means for closing the large openings of the steam com iairtmcnts so that they are normally stcanrtigh" and steam connecting pipes extending new 1 i c said hot-air pockets between the adjaeert chambers for super heated imam A steam s11 per-heater for fire tube boil ers, comprising header provided with a number of compartments, :1 portion of the compartments having communication with a source of saturated steam su ply, one wall of the header being removab ly secured in place, a seri of super-heater elements communicating with the compartments provided with the saturated steam and extending into the tire tubes of the boiler with their oppo-- site ends connnunicating with the other compartments of the header, said last mentioned compartments haying communication with the steam chests of the cylinders, the compartments communicating with the satu rated steam supply and those communicating with the steam chests of the cylinders being alternately arranged, means whereby communication between adjacently placed superheated steam compartments is est-air lishcd, said means being arranged in the path of the gases of combustion.

3. A steam superheater for fire tube boil ers, comprising a header adapted to be arranged transversely of the boiler and having a series of compartments, one set of the compartments having communication with a source of saturated steam supply while the other set has communication with the steam chests of the cylinders, the compartments of the different sets being alternately arranged, communication between the saturated steam com artfnents being arranged within the hea er and toone side of the superheated steam compartments, conduits for establishingconnnunicaiion between the adjacently arranged su 'icrheatcd steam compartments, said conduits being arranged in the path of the gases of combustion, and a series of tubes leading from the saturated steam compart ments into the tire tubes of the boiler and communicating at their opposite ends with the saturated steam compartments.

6. A steam superheater for tire tube boilers, comprising a header arranged transversely of the boiler and above the fire tubes thereof, one wall of the header being removably secured in place, a series of compartments arranged transversely in the header and forming a group of saturated steam compartments and a group of superheated steam compartments, the saturated steam and superheated steam compartmen being alternately arranged, with the saturated steam compartments having commuriication with each other at the upper part ,of the header, the intermediate or center compartment having communication with a soitrce of saturated-steam supply while the end compartments have communication with the steam chests of the cylinders, 21 series of tubes leading from the bottom of the header into the fire tubes of the boiler, one end of each tube communicating with a saturated steam compartment while the other end com municates with a superheated steam compartm'ent, and one or more conduits ar-' ranged between adjacentty placed superheated steam compartments and beneath the intervening saturated steam compartment.

7. A steam superhcater for fire tube boilers, comprising a header provided with a series of compartments transversely arranged in the header, :1 connection interme- 1 diate of one of said compartments and a source of saturated steam supply, passages arranged within the header intermediateof i the said last mentioned compartment and the alternately arranged compartments, said compartments being arranged at a higher level in the header than the other compartments, the end compartments having communication with the steam chests of the cyl inders, a series of tubes extending from the saturated steam compartments into the fire tubes of the boiler with their opposite ends communicating with the adjacent compartment or compartments, one or more conduits arranged intermediate of two alternately arranged compartments and beneath the intervening saturated steam compartment and exterior to the header, openings arranged in the walls of the header coincident with the axes of the tubes and conduits, and means wheiehy said. openings are closed against the passage of steam.

8. A steam superheater lor lire tube hoih ers, comprising a header provided with a series of compartments, a portion of said. series having communication with a source of saturated steam supply, while the other portion of said series is in communication with the steam chests of the cylinders, means communicating with the saturated steam receiving portion of said series whereby the steam is superheated and conveyed to the second mentioned portion of said series of com )artments, and means located exteriorly of tie header, intermediate of adjacently placed compartments of the second series, whereby the superheated steam is conveyed through the path of the gases of combustion.

9. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers, comprising a header provided with a series of compartments, the compartments being arranged transversely in the header and forming a group of saturated steam compartments and a group of superheated steam compartments, the compartments of the two groups being alternately arranged,

and means located exteriorly of the header whereby commi'inication between adjacently placed compartments of the superheated steam group is established and the superheated steam is conveyed through the path of the gases of comlmstion,

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

EDlVARD SYDNEY LUARD.

Witnesses:

J. GRooM, W. E. STRUTENBURGH. 

